La fayette stevens



Patented Dec. 15, 1857.

Boring Machine.

LA FAYETTE STEVENS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LA FAYETTE STEVENS, OF ELMIRA, NEXV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WM. L. GIBSON, OF SAME PLAGE.

BORING-MACHINE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 18,872, dated December 15, 1857; Ressued September 22, 1868, No. 8,133.

10 all whom t may concern Be it known that I, LA Fnrn'r'ru STEVENS, of Elmira, in the county of Ohemung and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Boring-Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making part of this specication, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The same letters refer to like parts.

Figure l is a longitudinal elevation of my machine. The form of my auger is annular. In place of a shaft, or stock, I employ a metallic tube, which is represented at A, Fig. 1. A piece of gas-pipe of the requisite size and turned smooth answers this purpose very well. It may be of any length which it is desired to bore. It is wound spirally its whole length with a fiat wire or worm B, which is brazed or otherwise permanently attached to its exterior' surface.

The cutter' head C, shown in front elevation at Fig. 2, is annular like the body of the auger, having an aperture a through its center corresponding with the bore of the tube. It is attached to the tube by a screw cut in the end of the tube, b Fig. 3. An annular spur c c having a thin knife edge, surrounds the opening a in the cutter head. This I term the leading spur, as it projects inch, or thereabout in advance of the auger, and serves an important office both in centering and guiding it. The cutters d cl start from the spur c and extend back in a curved and oblique line to the shoulder of the head, so as to act upon the grain of the wood, with an oblique stroke. Immediately back of the cutter head is a collar consisting of a thin ring f of about two inches in width, or more or less as the diameter requires, of the same external diameter as the cutter head. The worm is turned down to receive it at e e, Fig. 3, which is a longitudinal section of the head or cutting end of the auger. Two minute knife-edges are placed longitudinally and upon the outside of this collar g g, Fig. l. 7Within this collar and for its length there is a double worm, instead of a single one, corresponding with the two cutting knives in the head. The chips pass through the throats 7L h and are immediately caught in the worm and carried' back by its revolution.

D represents the timber to be bored; E the carriage by which it is held and fed to the auger.

F is a support or rest for the auger until it has entered the wood, it being attached to the carriage by the standard G, and consequently moves with it as the timber is fed up.

H is the band pulley by which the auger is driven. The auger being put in motion the operation is this: The spur c at once enters the wood, and forms as it were a bearing for the auger, steadying and directing it. If the end of the timber is not exactly at right angles with it-s sides, as is very liable to be the case, the auger would, by first meeting with resistance on one side of its center be deflected somewhat, or turned aside from its true course, but the leading spur entirely prevents this, for having once entered the wood, the auger must inevitably follow its course, and that with the steady mechanical action necessary to insure smooth and straight boring. The collar f is held stationary by two grooves in the supporting box F which receive the knit'eedges g/ y, and thus prevents it from revolving with the auger. As it enters the wood, the knife edges bury themselves in the wood or periphery of the bore and thus -prevent the collar from turning in its passage through. Thus it acts as a journal-box for the head of the auger at all times when in operation. It is constructed of, or lined with a softer metal, so as to prevent too much friction. A shoulder is turned on the cutter-head c c, and a ring with a similar shoulder i i is attached to the worm, which gives it an equal bearing at each end. Very slight force is required to drive forward this stationary collar, as the knife edges are sharp and of little projection, leaving only a mere scratch in the wood as they pass. The auger removes only an annular portion of the wood, or that in the periphery of the bore, leaving the central part as a core or rod which passes through the hollow of the tube A, and is discharged at the end of the auger j, Fig. 1, in the form of a smoothly turned rod, as seen at I. Fig. 3. Thus a considerable portion of the power is saved, and a portion of the timber is left ready finished for a variety of useful purposes, such as rollers, rods,pickets, and handles for various purposes. The core serves an important part in directing the auger in its straight- The opening through the forward course.

'vents the vibrations which must otherwise occur in a long auger when it has bored through the timber,-viln'ations which are very injurious to the symmetry of the hole bored.

Underneath the carriage is a cog-rack I into which gears the pinion J shown in dotted lines through the frame. This pinion is driven by a worm Z on the adjustable shaft K, which shaft is operated by the pul` ley L, which is run by the band 7c from the shaft of the-auger. A bail-joint m allows the shaft- K to fall so as to throw the worm Z out of gear with pinion J as shown in the drawing. The shaft K hangs upon a movable bearing M. To throw it into gear it is only necessary for the operator to raise the handle a until a hook at 0 takes hold of the top of the frame and supports it. This hook is upon the end of a flexible metallic strap 7) which is gripped by the clamp Q so as to keep it pressed closely to the frame, and the moment it is sufliciently raised spring to its place and secures the shaft K in the position to give the feed motion to the carriage when the auger is put in operationi The carriage slides on ways, which fit the grooves r r. These ways mustbe in a direct line with the auger. At the moment the timber is bored through a small side-plate s in the carriage having a wedge-shaped projection strikes the point of the hook 0 and crowds it off of its bearing so as to stop the feed at once. This obviates any trouble that might arise from the neglect or oversight of the operator. The carriage is then run back, by the crank N and is in readiness for another timber. For adjusting the timber in the carriage I employ a pair of oblique rests O O, Fig. 4, having an inclination of 45 degrees. These are movable upon ways across the carriage being attached underneath the ways to a pair of screws t t. Upon the end of these screws is a pair of pinions u u geared together. By turning the handle a the screws are revolved in opposite directions,by means of which the rests O O are drawn by each other, raising their angle of coincidence, as shown at O O or lowering it at pleasure. A pair of these rests may be placed at each end and if necessary one may be used in the middle. To secure the timber in the rest, I

attach a chain P to one of these rests which is passed over the timber, and hooked to the other at Fig. l. The chain being somewhat loose, I raise it and pass the point y of the dog Q, under it. This point has a notch which lits the angle or ridge of the timber. A fulcrum-post e is attached by a movable oint, about midway of the log and by raising the lever handle a and at the same time crowding the post under, the timber is gripped and held with great force.

The construction of my auger is peculiarly adapted to boring large sized tubing for water conductors, &c., and for economizing power in boring holes of any size large or small. In boring large holes a greater saving of timber and consequently of power effected, as the depth of the annular bore diminishes in a certain geometrical ratio as the diameter of the auger increases. This is explained by the fact that the greater circumference gives an increase in the width of the grooves or meshes of the worm which compensates for the lesser depth, and yet secures ample room for the discharge of the chips. The same width of the annular cut required to produce a two inch hole may be used for all sizes above and below it. The auger is attached to the shaft of the driving pulley I-I, by sliding into a socket in the same, where it is secured by the set-screw CZ. This shaft has its bearingsin the two boxes c c and is hollow like the auger, to admit of the core being discharged through it. In boring large sized tubing the core may be used again for a smaller size, and the core kept from that may still be employed for many useful purposes.

I do not claim an inclosing tube attached to the frame of a boring machine, but eX- tending the entire length of the auger; but

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

. l. The loose, independent collar y, provided with knife edges g, g, to keep it from turning, for the purpose of furnishing a bearing for the head of the auger while in operation.

2. I also claim the sharp, annular spur o, for the purpose of centering and guiding the auger, and, at the same time, leaving a core of the material bored in the center of the auger, in the manner specified.

3. I also claim the oblique traversing rests O, O, in combination with the screws t t and dogs Q, for the purpose of adjusting the timber to the auger as described, and holding it firmly while under the operation of the auger.

LA FAYETTE STEVENS.

Vitnesses:

EDwD. V. CoULToN, J. FRASER.

[FIRST PRINATED 1912.] 

